The Korean economy stands at a crossroads marked by complex crises and structural transitions. Externally, prolonged U.S.-China tensions, a global trend of high interest rates, and the reorganization of supply chains are heightening uncertainty. Domestically, challenges such as low birth rates, an aging population, heavy household debt, instability in the real estate market, and youth employment issues are converging to expose deep structural limitations. Korea’s export-dependent economic structure has been heavily affected by the cyclical nature of key industries like semiconductors, while domestic demand has yet to recover at a meaningful pace. At this critical juncture, Korea must look beyond short-term responses and consider long-term strategies for industrial restructuring, innovation, welfare reform, and labor market renewal. This seminar seeks to assess the current situation and explore pathways toward a more sustainable and resilient future.